Welcome back! Let's talk about collaboration - we need it! Recently, I graduated with my Bachelor’s Degree in Dental Hygiene, now it is time to put it to work! Teaching has always been a huge part of my life - I used to teach classes in music, theater, and set design for middle and high school students, while contributing at a high education level as well both performing and design components. Hands on is the way to be for me! Now, I’m bringing that same creative, energetic approach into healthcare education! I love seeing students light up when they “get it,” especially when they’ve struggled. My personal challenges with ADHD and dyslexia have only deepened my commitment to meeting learners where they are - because everyone deserves to feel heard and supported. I believe in honesty, empathy, and being an open book. If experiences I have from the past may help the betterment of a patient or student with their personal life struggles, it is worth helping every time and having those conversations. Goals to come: My heart is on fire with future goals!
The Power of Interprofessional Relationships in Dental Hygiene Education and Practice When I first began my dental hygiene journey, I knew collaboration mattered but I did not yet realize just how transformative interprofessional relationships could be in clinical education and practice. This course not only reinforced that belief but also helped me develop a deeper understanding of how integrating dental hygiene with other healthcare disciplines can create a ripple effect that improves patient outcomes, elevates educational experiences, and nurtures professional growth. In clinical learning environments, we are trained to be precise, advocate, and skilled but it does not happen alone. This takes teamwork, consultation, and open lines of communication with colleagues in nursing, medicine, nutrition, behavioral health, pharmacy, and beyond. Interprofessional collaboration does not just mean working next to another provider, it means working with them. Whether I was creating a clinical skills rubric or leading a peer through a radiographic technique lesson, I was actively building the communication skills that would be used with medical colleagues in real-world scenarios. Teaching my students in a step-by-step format and providing constructive feedback allowed me to mirror the collaborative spirit where shared expertise and respectful dialogue can turn a good patient outcome into a great one. I was especially impacted during our student education assignments, where it became clear how many behind-the-scenes elements go into preparing clinicians. From rubric development to feedback strategies and learning theory, these activities strengthened my appreciation for the depth of work instructors do to align clinical practice with educational excellence. It is easy to overlook how grading criteria, verbal cues, and even peer review sessions all tie into interprofessional competence. Why It Matters for Patient Care Multiple studies confirm that effective interprofessional collaboration improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces redundancy, and helps patients follow through with treatment (World Health Organization [WHO], 2010). One powerful example we discussed was the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. If a hygienist, physician, and dietitian work together, the patient receives more holistic, informed care - because each provider brings a unique lens. For example, a physician might treat the systemic inflammation, while the hygienist manages oral inflammation and provides hygiene counseling, and the dietitian supports nutritional change. Alone, we each have a piece. Together, we complete the puzzle. Interprofessional Learning Enhances Clinical Knowledge Through this course, I also gained a greater appreciation for the idea that learning itself is enhanced by interprofessional education. One study by Bridges et al. (2011) showed that students trained in interprofessional settings had higher levels of empathy and clinical reasoning. As someone training to be both a clinician and an educator, I see this as a win-win. We are not just preparing students for clinic – we are preparing them to be future collaborators who can communicate across disciplines. Implementing interprofessional rounds or case reviews - even in educational simulations - force you to think more critically. You are not just worried about probing depths; you’re thinking about HbA1c levels, medication interactions, and cardiac implications. This holistic mindset makes us more thorough, and ultimately, more effective providers. Assessments are required throughout programs to assure quality clinical care is being achieved, such as this one created below. Your browser does not support viewing this document. Click here to download the document. Looking Ahead I am excited to bring this mindset into my future roles whether that be practicing chairside, teaching in clinic, or developing outreach programs in rural communities. My passion lies in making care accessible and creating relationships that bridge gaps in the system. Interprofessional collaboration is at the heart of that mission. This course has helped me grow not only as a clinician, but as a communicator, educator, and advocate for integrated care. We do not need to do it all alone and we are not meant to. The best patient care happens when we listen, learn, and work together. References Bridges, D. R., Davidson, R. A., Odegard, P. S., Maki, I. V., & Tomkowiak, J. (2011). Interprofessional collaboration: three best practice models of interprofessional education. Medical Education Online, 16(1), 6035. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v16i0.6035 World Health Organization. (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/framework-for-action-on-interprofessional-education-collaborative-practice Institute of Medicine. (2015). Measuring the impact of interprofessional education on collaborative practice and patient outcomes. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/21726
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Hello there everyone and welcome! I’m Arianna Chaves, we may have crossed paths in the past - welcome back if so! I consider myself a passionate, hands-on Registered Dental Hygienist based in beautiful Colorado Springs. I’m currently working at Dentists of Interquest and Orthodontics, where I’ve had the honor of helping establish a brand-new dental hygiene program. We focus on tailored, evidence-based care with a heart - especially for patients managing periodontal disease. This program is all about building brighter futures through prevention, personalized education, and a warm, welcoming experience without feeling pressured. Academic & Professional JourneyI’m proudly pursuing my Bachelor’s Degree in Dental Hygiene and I’m expected to graduate in May 2025. Teaching has always been a huge part of my life - I used to teach classes in music, theater, and set design for middle and high school students, while contributing at a high education level as well both performing and design components. Hands on is the way to be for me! Now, I’m bringing that same creative, energetic approach into healthcare education! I love seeing students light up when they “get it,” especially when they’ve struggled. My personal challenges with ADHD and dyslexia have only deepened my commitment to meeting learners where they are - because everyone deserves to feel heard and supported. I believe in honesty, empathy, and being an open book. If experiences I have from the past may help the betterment of a patient or student with their personal life struggles, it is worth helping every time and having those conversations. Lets not forget: Mental health is health and directly contributes to systemic well-being. Giving Back: GuatemalaMy heart lives to serve, therefore I cannot even begin to express my excitement to share with you. I was recently awarded a scholarship through my dental group to provide clinical care in Guatemala for one week this summer, offering dental hygiene services to underserved communities. I’m so honored to have been chosen and I can’t wait to give back in such a meaningful way. Being a dual citizen of the United States and Portugal, I’ve also seen firsthand the dental inequities that exist in places like the Azorean Islands, where residents struggle with access to care. In Agua de Pau, São Miguel, for example, over 21% of families are at risk of poverty (PORDATA, 2023). My family originated from Agua de Pau, São Miguel - so that’s a reality I’m determined to change all over. Community service like this does more than heal teeth - it helps build empathy, clinical confidence, and interprofessional collaboration skills. Research supports this too: “Service-learning positively influences students’ civic responsibility, empathy, and academic engagement” (Hunter et al., 2021, p. 109). Capstone Work: |
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Find this presentation on the importance and difference we can make regarding the Dementia and Oral Health Crisis!
3/9/2025
Passion to Presentation: How Topics in Dental Public Health Strengthened My Voice in Oral Health
Read NowWhen beginning this course - eager as I was - I had no clue what to expect. I knew it would challenge me, push me, and expand my perspective in new ways. Looking back, I can confidently say that participating in this course has strengthened my ability to communicate, educate, and advocate for oral health; Elevating my approach beyond anything I had previously practiced.
Public Speaking? Sign Me Up!
Personally, I enjoy public speaking - especially when it’s about a topic I’m passionate about! I was excited for our public health presentation since we had the freedom to choose our topic. Public speaking has never been something I shy away from, but presenting in an academic setting? That unlocks a whole new level of passion - professor is next on my list! Initially, I thought I did a decent job staying informed on public health topics, but there’s always room for refinement. The many discussions surrounding policy were incredibly important, and quite frankly, I was never the best at deep-diving into those areas, until now. Strong professional work demands more than just enthusiasm. The research needed must be solid, the flow had to be compelling, and the content had to be both relevant and relatable to my audience.
The Art of Storytelling in Education
One of the strongest techniques I used was storytelling. By connecting information to real life cases and experiences, I made the material more digestible and engaging. For example, when discussing oral health in dementia patients, I avoided drowning my audience in citations. Instead, I shared a story about a patient who struggled to recognize their toothbrush - a powerful way to highlight why oral care in neurodegenerative diseases matters. Another tool I leaned into was visual engagement. I’m a visual learner - no question about it! So infographics and clean slide designs are a must to keep the audience focused. When our audience is not overwhelmed, they are more likely to stay engaged and absorb the content!
Preparation is key. I always start by gathering research from reliable sources, which I then organize into a separate clear document. This step helps me see the big picture and structure my presentation effectively. Since I have dyslexia, having everything laid out in one place is a lifesaver - allowing me to focus on the most important points while keeping my slides minimal and impactful. Does it take extra time? So much, but we know how our bodies best adapt - so utilize what you can and set the time aside you need. The best part? Fewer words on the screen means more room for me to dive in, discuss, and bring the topic to life - so I review my slides multiple times to ensure I’m fully prepared.
Preparation is key. I always start by gathering research from reliable sources, which I then organize into a separate clear document. This step helps me see the big picture and structure my presentation effectively. Since I have dyslexia, having everything laid out in one place is a lifesaver - allowing me to focus on the most important points while keeping my slides minimal and impactful. Does it take extra time? So much, but we know how our bodies best adapt - so utilize what you can and set the time aside you need. The best part? Fewer words on the screen means more room for me to dive in, discuss, and bring the topic to life - so I review my slides multiple times to ensure I’m fully prepared.
Pobody’s Nerfect: Nobody’s Perfect
I firmly believe there’s always room for improvement, no matter how many presentations someone gives. While this is far from my first presentation, I consider public speaking one of my strengths, though there are still areas where I can fine-tune my approach:
- Time Management: I got carried away in certain sections, which left me rushing through the end. I get a little excited sometimes! Next time, I’ll structure my pacing more efficiently and set firm time markers.
- More Interactive Elements: While I engaged my audience well, I would have loved to include a short quiz or audience poll. Next time, I’ll add an interactive component to keep engagement levels high—because captivating an audience is key!
- Less Self-Criticism: This one’s tough because I hold myself to a high standard. But I need to remind myself that a presentation doesn’t have to be perfect—it just needs to be impactful, well-prepared, and delivered with confidence.
Go Make It Happen
This assignment was more than just a grade; it was an opportunity for professional growth and reflection. It solidified my passion for educating patients, mentoring future students, advocating for oral health awareness, and using my voice to make a difference. Each new topic opened the door for deeper research, and the engagement component of this course made it even more meaningful. The structure and layout were beneficial overall, though some guidelines were a bit confusing - nothing that couldn’t be managed or overcome with some further investigation!
If I could give future students one framework of advice, it would be:
- Own your knowledge
- Embrace the learning curve
- Find ways to make the information meaningful
Imagine waking up one day and struggling to remember the simple routine of brushing your teeth. For millions of individuals living with Alzheimer’s and dementia, this isn’t just a moment — it’s a daily reality. Now, pair that with a healthcare system where accessing dental care is already a challenge for many. The intersection of dementia and oral health is one of the most overlooked aspects of elderly care and we need to talk about it!
Healthcare Access and Oral Health
Access to oral health care is a well-documented issue in the U.S., and when dementia enters the picture, those challenges multiply. Many elderly individuals with cognitive decline face difficulties maintaining oral hygiene, recognizing dental pain, and communicating their discomfort. This leads to serious health complications, including infections, malnutrition, and increased risk of systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease (López et al., 2017).
Why is this happening? Let’s break it down:
Cognitive Decline = Poor Oral Hygiene
Why is this happening? Let’s break it down:
Cognitive Decline = Poor Oral Hygiene
- Dementia patients often forget to brush, floss, or even recognize the importance of oral care.
- Many lose the ability to follow multi-step tasks, making it difficult to properly clean their mouths (Chalmers & Pearson, 2005).
- Many family caregivers and even long-term care staff do not receive adequate training in oral health.
- Signs of dental pain, such as facial grimacing or behavioral changes, are often misinterpreted as general dementia-related agitation (Nicol et al., 2020).
- Many dementia patients rely on caregivers for transportation to dental visits, which may not always be available.
- In nursing homes, only 16% of residents receive routine dental care (Griffin et al., 2012).
What’s Stopping Access?
When we zoom out and look at the larger picture, we realize that accessing care is more than just remembering appointments. Accessing care is a complex issue, intertwined with financial constraints, healthcare gaps, and lack of awareness.
Here’s what’s standing in the way:
Financial Constraints:
Here’s what’s standing in the way:
Financial Constraints:
- Medicare does not cover routine dental care, leaving many seniors without affordable options.
- Low-income seniors often prioritize medical needs over dental care, even though oral health is directly tied to systemic health (Griffin et al., 2012).
- Many dentists are not trained to treat patients with cognitive impairments.
- Specialized geriatric dental clinics are rare and usually not within easy reach.
- Lack of training in alternative communication methods for non-verbal patients. .
How Do We Fix This?
Luckily, researchers and policymakers have begun addressing these barriers. Here are some promising solutions:
Improved Caregiver Training
Improved Caregiver Training
- Integrating oral health education into caregiver training programs can help improve early detection of dental issues.
- Simple techniques, such as using flavored toothpaste or playing music, can help dementia patients tolerate oral care (Jablonski et al., 2011).
- Expanding mobile dental units to reach homebound or nursing home patients can bridge accessibility gaps.
- Teledentistry consultations can provide caregivers with guidance on managing oral hygiene at home.
- Expanding Medicare to cover routine dental care for dementia patients could significantly improve access.
- Advocating for state-level programs to fund dental services for seniors in long-term care facilities.
Caregiver Oral Hygiene Routine:
Simple and Effective Steps
Caring for someone with dementia means taking on many responsibilities and oral hygiene should be simple yet effective. Here’s an easy guide:
For Patients with Teeth:
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste -electric brush if tolerable.
- Brush twice a day using gentle, circular motions.
- Offer a non-alcoholic mouth rinse to help with dry mouth. If aspiration is of concern, avoid mouthwash entirely.
- Use floss picks/proxybrush instead of traditional floss to make the process easier. Whatever flossing method is easy and effective - we don't want to add stress!
- If the patient resists brushing, try playing calming music or establishing re-direction. Patients like to feel independence, if you try phrasing it like "I want to brush my teeth, could you teach me how?" - it allows the patient to gain a sense of independence while completing necessary home care.
For Patients Without Teeth (Denture Care):
- Remove and rinse dentures after meals.
- Clean dentures daily with a denture brush and mild soap (avoid toothpaste, which can be abrasive).
- Soak dentures a denture-cleaning solution, antibacterial denture tablets (fizzle!)
- Brush the gums and tongue with a soft brush to remove bacteria.
- Keep the dentures moist to prevent cracking when not in use.
Link for Resources:
alzfdn.org/caregiving-resources/
Link for steps:
alzfdn.org/10-steps-for-healthy-aging/
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2022). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org
Alzheimer’s Foundation of America. (n.d.). Caregiving resources. Alzheimer's Foundation of America. https://alzfdn.org/caregiving-resources/
Chalmers, J., & Pearson, A. (2005). Oral hygiene care for residents with dementia: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(4), 410-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03605.x
Griffin, S. O., Jones, J. A., Brunson, D., Griffin, P. M., & Bailey, W. D. (2012). Burden of oral disease among older adults and implications for public health priorities. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300362
Jablonski, R. A., Munro, C. L., Grap, M. J., Schubert, C. M., Ligon, M., & Spigelmyer, P. (2011). Mouth care in nursing homes: knowledge, beliefs, and practices of nursing assistants. Geriatric Nursing, 32(6), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.08.007
López, R., Baelum, V., & Holm-Pedersen, P. (2017). Oral health and general health in an ageing population: a summary of recent systematic reviews. Gerodontology, 34(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12286
Nicol, R., Petrie, A., & Smith, A. (2020). The impact of dementia on oral health: A systematic review. Dental Update, 47(3), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.3.234
Schulz, R., & Eden, J. (2016). Families caring for an aging America. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23606
Alzheimer’s Association. (2022). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org
Alzheimer’s Foundation of America. (n.d.). Caregiving resources. Alzheimer's Foundation of America. https://alzfdn.org/caregiving-resources/
Chalmers, J., & Pearson, A. (2005). Oral hygiene care for residents with dementia: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(4), 410-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03605.x
Griffin, S. O., Jones, J. A., Brunson, D., Griffin, P. M., & Bailey, W. D. (2012). Burden of oral disease among older adults and implications for public health priorities. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300362
Jablonski, R. A., Munro, C. L., Grap, M. J., Schubert, C. M., Ligon, M., & Spigelmyer, P. (2011). Mouth care in nursing homes: knowledge, beliefs, and practices of nursing assistants. Geriatric Nursing, 32(6), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.08.007
López, R., Baelum, V., & Holm-Pedersen, P. (2017). Oral health and general health in an ageing population: a summary of recent systematic reviews. Gerodontology, 34(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12286
Nicol, R., Petrie, A., & Smith, A. (2020). The impact of dementia on oral health: A systematic review. Dental Update, 47(3), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.3.234
Schulz, R., & Eden, J. (2016). Families caring for an aging America. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23606
Rethinking Pain Management Is Overdue
The opioid epidemic is one of the most pressing health crises of our time, with more lives lost to opioid-related overdoses than to cancer, HIV, or heart disease. It’s a sobering reality and as dental professionals we must ask ourselves - are we part of the problem? More importantly, how can we be part of the solution? The time to take an in depth look at pain management and rethink our reliance on opioids is now.
Dentists in the United States write a surprising number of opioid prescriptions, far exceeding dentists in England. In 2016, dentists in the United Stated “prescribed approximately 11.4 million opioid prescriptions, accounting for 22.3% of all dental prescriptions. In contrast, English dentists issued about 28,082 opioid prescriptions, representing only 0.6% of their total dental prescriptions. This indicates that U.S. dentists prescribed opioids at a rate 37 times higher than their English counterparts” (Suda et al., 2019). Studies show that young patients who receive opioid prescriptions for dental procedures - especially wisdom tooth extractions – are at a higher risk of developing opioid use disorders (Schroeder et al., 2019). Even more concerning, approximately 6.9% of individuals who have not previously used opioids... patients continue using them long after their dental pain subsides (Reynolds & Schwarz, 2019).
The truth is - opioids are not always the best choice for dental pain. Research proves that NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) alone or in combination with acetaminophen provide equal or better pain relief with far fewer risks (Moore et al., 2018). The message is clear: the way we prescribe needs to change and we need to embrace alternative pain management methods.
Dentists in the United States write a surprising number of opioid prescriptions, far exceeding dentists in England. In 2016, dentists in the United Stated “prescribed approximately 11.4 million opioid prescriptions, accounting for 22.3% of all dental prescriptions. In contrast, English dentists issued about 28,082 opioid prescriptions, representing only 0.6% of their total dental prescriptions. This indicates that U.S. dentists prescribed opioids at a rate 37 times higher than their English counterparts” (Suda et al., 2019). Studies show that young patients who receive opioid prescriptions for dental procedures - especially wisdom tooth extractions – are at a higher risk of developing opioid use disorders (Schroeder et al., 2019). Even more concerning, approximately 6.9% of individuals who have not previously used opioids... patients continue using them long after their dental pain subsides (Reynolds & Schwarz, 2019).
The truth is - opioids are not always the best choice for dental pain. Research proves that NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) alone or in combination with acetaminophen provide equal or better pain relief with far fewer risks (Moore et al., 2018). The message is clear: the way we prescribe needs to change and we need to embrace alternative pain management methods.
Alternative Treatments for Oral Pain Management
NSAIDs are the gold standard for dental pain relief. They work by targeting inflammation at the source rather than affecting the brain like opioids do. Studies show that ibuprofen (400–600 mg) with acetaminophen (500 mg) is more effective than opioid-containing medications (Dionne et al., 2016). Beyond medications, there are other pain management strategies gaining traction. Local Anesthesia and nerve blocks can provide excellent relief, while cryotherapy, low-level laser therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) offer promising alternatives. With that being said, what are those? Let’s become informed together:
Legislation has helped tackle the crisis with many states now limiting opioid prescriptions for acute pain to just seven days. Some states also require dentists to complete opioid education when renewing their licenses. One of the most impactful changes has been expanding access to naloxone (Narcan), a life-saving medication that reverses opioid overdoses. Many states allow pharmacists to distribute Narcan without a prescription, and some even permit dental professionals to prescribe or administer it in emergencies (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). Massachusetts General Hospital and other major health organizations even provide free Narcan to their employees. Having worked there myself and with my brother, a pediatric ICU Nurse, currently working there - we have seen this first hand. While these measures are making a real difference, there is still more work to do.
- Cryotherapy involves the application of cold therapy to reduce inflammation and numb pain. It is particularly useful in post-surgical recovery, reducing swelling and promoting faster healing (Tseng et al., 2015).
- Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) uses focused light energy to reduce pain and inflammation by stimulating cellular repair and improving circulation. Studies have found LLLT to be effective in managing temporomandibular disorders and post-extraction pain (Fjeld et al., 2020).
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) works by delivering mild electrical pulses to nerves, blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. TENS has been shown to help with chronic dental pain and conditions such as TMJ disorders (Sharma et al., 2019).
Legislation has helped tackle the crisis with many states now limiting opioid prescriptions for acute pain to just seven days. Some states also require dentists to complete opioid education when renewing their licenses. One of the most impactful changes has been expanding access to naloxone (Narcan), a life-saving medication that reverses opioid overdoses. Many states allow pharmacists to distribute Narcan without a prescription, and some even permit dental professionals to prescribe or administer it in emergencies (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). Massachusetts General Hospital and other major health organizations even provide free Narcan to their employees. Having worked there myself and with my brother, a pediatric ICU Nurse, currently working there - we have seen this first hand. While these measures are making a real difference, there is still more work to do.
How Can Dental Hygienists Make A Difference?
Depending on the state, dental hygienists may have the ability to administer emergency medications like Narcan. As frontline healthcare providers, hygienists are in a unique position to educate patients about opioid risks and alternative pain relief options. While time with our patients is limited during appointments, considering the addition of an opioid screening tool to dental visits could help identify at-risk individuals and get them the help they need before it may be too late.
Strict Opioid Policy: U.S. Military Making A Difference
Many service members joke that the only thing they’re prescribed, regardless of the injury, is ibuprofen. While it may seem humorous, the rule is a necessary precaution given the high risk of addiction among veterans. Studies show that veterans are twice as likely to die from accidental opioid overdoses compared to the general population, and nearly 15% of military service members report misusing prescription drugs, most commonly opioids (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2019). Stammering statistics led the military to take a strict stance against opioid prescriptions, limiting their use to extreme cases. Given the intense physical and emotional trauma soldiers endure, limiting opioid prescriptions is a critical step in preventing substance abuse and long-term dependency.
What Does The Surgeon Say?
The 2015 Surgeon General’s Report, Facing Addiction in America, reframes addiction as a medical condition rather than a moral failing; An impactful statement and essential to comprehend as medical providers. One key takeaway? Adolescents who experiment with alcohol or marijuana are significantly more likely to misuse opioids later in life (Levy et al., 2018); This makes early intervention and education critical. Harvard, Tufts, and other leading institutions now prioritize non-opioid pain management, ensuring the next generation of dental professionals is equipped to combat this crisis in their practices.
The opioid crisis demands action and the dental profession has an opportunity to lead by
example. By prioritizing non-opioid pain management, supporting legislative policy changes, and educating patients on safer alternatives, we can make a tangible impact.
Change starts with us and the time to act is now.
If you need assistance, 988 Lifeline is there - for free: 988lifeline.org/
References
Dionne, R. A., Gordon, S. M., & Moore, P. A. (2016). Prescribing opioid analgesics for acute dental pain: Time to change clinical practices in response to evidence and misperceptions. Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(7), 537–544.
Fjeld, M. G., Heyeraas, K. J., & Krogstad, B. S. (2020). Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Pain Research and Management, 2020, 1–9.
Levy, S., Breen, L., Lunstead, J., & Weitzman, E. R. (2018). Facing addiction: A laudable, but incomplete effort. American Journal of Public Health, 108(5), 598–599.
Moore, P. A., Hersh, E. V., & Gordon, S. M. (2018). Benefits and harms associated with analgesic medications used in the management of acute dental pain: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of the American Dental Association, 149(4), 256–265.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021). Naloxone drug policy. https://www.drugabuse.gov/naloxone
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). Substance use and military life. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/substance-use-military-life
Sharma, S., Gupta, D., & Patil, P. (2019). Role of TENS in managing chronic dental pain. Journal of Pain Research, 12, 1221–1232.
Suda, K. J., Durkin, M. J., Calip, G. S., Gellad, W. F., Kim, H., Lockhart, P. B., Rowan, S., Thornhill, M. H., & Hershow, R. C. (2019). Comparison of opioid prescribing by dentists in the United States and England. JAMA Network Open, 2(5), e194303. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4303
Tseng, Y. C., Alessi, A., & Donoff, B. (2015). The role of cryotherapy in postoperative pain control. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology, 120(3), 326–330.
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Hello - Arianna here! I cannot wait to share exciting information with you! Keep checking back - lots of content to come!